The island of Kos is situated in the south-eastern Aegean Sea south of Kalimnos and north of Nisiros. Kos is the third largest island in the Dodecanese and it is famous for being the birthplace of the “father of medicine”, Hippocrates, who was born on the island round 460 B.C. and established the Great School of Medicine of Kos. The island is legendary for its lush vegetation and for its mild climate: even the ancient Romans dubbed Kos as "the most temperate place in the world". The Island of Kos, unlike many Greek islands, is typically flat and low-lying, particularly in the north and west, getting more mountainous in the south and east. This feature has made cycling a very popular holiday activity in the island with tons of bicycle rental outlets. The coast of Kos boasts superb sandy beaches, especially in the south. There are also some of the most fascinating archaeological sites in the whole Mediterranean. In the capital, the city of Kos there is an remarkable archaeological museum, the plane of Hippocrates where he by all accounts lectured to his students, and the Mosque of Gazi Hassan Pasha of 1786. Kos has many small villages worth exploring. Palio Pylio is a deserted village from Medieval times, with quaint little churches. Kefalos used to be the capital, Astypalea, in the past, and there are archaeological excavations in process here. The most trendy beach on Kos is Paradise beach, a long, gorgeous sandy beach. There are sun beds, water sports facilities and it is a nice place for families with children. Other popular beaches are Tagaki, Mastihari, Lambi and also the beaches in Kardamena and Kefalos, preferred by surfers. Kos is also reputed to be one of the best party islands, with many bars and clubs, as well as beach-parties.
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